{"id":2346,"date":"2020-03-02T09:13:28","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T08:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geko2.factoryfy.com\/?p=910"},"modified":"2021-11-03T17:35:52","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T16:35:52","slug":"configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00ed, puedes pensar: \u00ab\u00bfQu\u00e9? Google Cloud tiene su propio servicio administrado de balanceador de carga. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 querr\u00eda configurar y administrar un load balancer HA dedicado?<\/em>\u00ab. Recomendamos utilizar el servicio GCP Load Balancer siempre que puedas. Es un servicio muy confiable y no tienes que administrar tu propio load balancer en una configuraci\u00f3n de alta disponibilidad.<\/p>\n

Pero a veces hay algunas situaciones en las que GCP Load Balancer no se ajusta a tus necesidades o, simplemente, no deseas usarlo … En esos casos, tenemos una configuraci\u00f3n muy simple utilizando dos piezas de software bien conocidas: HAProxy <\/strong>y Keepalived<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Keepalived utiliza Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP<\/a>) y direcciones IP flotantes que pueden ‘moverse’ de una VM a otra en caso de que una de ellas no est\u00e9 disponible. En un entorno cl\u00e1sico y local, esto es algo as\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Image source: Google Cloud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En caso de un server failure, cuando el otro servidor toma las direcciones IP flotantes, agrega estas direcciones a tu interfaz de red. El servidor anuncia esta toma de control a otros dispositivos que utilizan la layer 2 mediante el env\u00edo de un marco de Protocolo de resoluci\u00f3n de direcciones (ARP) gratuito<\/a>. Google Compute Engine utiliza virtualized network stack y los mecanismos de implementaci\u00f3n t\u00edpicos no funcionan aqu\u00ed. La red VPC maneja las solicitudes ARP basadas en la topolog\u00eda de enrutamiento configurada e ignora las tramas ARP gratuitas.<\/p>\n

En primer lugar, debes instalar haproxy y keepalived en tu servidor. En este caso, usamos Ubuntu 18.04.<\/strong> Solo ejecuta:<\/p>\n

sudo apt install haproxy \r\nsudo apt install keepalived<\/pre>\n
Para este tutorial configuraremos un load balancer interno<\/strong>, pero tambi\u00e9n puedes configurar un load balancer externo con algunas peque\u00f1as modificaciones.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Utilizaremos este archivo \/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg en ambos servidores. Ambos servidores (MASTER y BACKUP) deben tener exactamente la misma configuraci\u00f3n de HAProxy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
global<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0log \/dev\/log\u00a0 \u00a0 local0 debug\r\n<\/span>        log \/dev\/log\u00a0 \u00a0 local1 debug<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0chroot \/var\/lib\/haproxy<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0stats socket \/run\/haproxy\/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0stats timeout 30s<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0user haproxy<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0group haproxy<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0daemon<\/span>\r\n\r\ndefaults<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0log \u00a0 \u00a0 global<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mode\u00a0 \u00a0 http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0option\u00a0 dontlognull<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0timeout connect 5000<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0timeout client\u00a0 50000<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0timeout server\u00a0 50000<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 400 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/400.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 403 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/403.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 408 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/408.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 500 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/500.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 502 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/502.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 503 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/503.http<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0errorfile 504 \/etc\/haproxy\/errors\/504.http<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrontend service-1<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0bind 192.168.240.140:443<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0mode tcp<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0option tcplog<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0log global<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0default_backend service-1-be<\/span>\r\nbackend service-1-be<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0mode tcp<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0server service-1-server-1 10.152.0.220:443 check id 1\r\n  server service-1-server-2 10.152.0.221:443 check id 2\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/span>frontend service-2\r\n\u00a0\u00a0bind 192.168.240.141:443\r\n\u00a0\u00a0mode tcp\r\n\u00a0\u00a0option tcplog\r\n\u00a0\u00a0log global\r\n\u00a0\u00a0default_backend service-2-be\r\nbackend service-2-be\r\n\u00a0\u00a0mode tcp\r\n\u00a0\u00a0server service-2-server-1 10.10.0.40:443 check id 1\r\n  server service-2-server-2 10.10.0.41:443 check id 2<\/pre>\n
En este ejemplo, las dos IP flotantes ser\u00e1n: 192.168.240.140<\/strong> y 192.168.240.141.<\/strong><\/p>\n
No olvides reiniciar el servicio haproxy (sudo systemctl restart haproxy) cada vez que cambies el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n
Para el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n \/etc\/keepalived\/keepalived.conf<\/strong> usaremos estos dos archivos de configuraci\u00f3n en las VM masters y slaves:<\/p>\n
MASTER<\/h3>\n
vrrp_instance floating_ip {<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0state MASTER<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0interface ens4<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0unicast_src_ip 192.168.240.10<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0unicast_peer {<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0192.168.240.11<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0virtual_router_id 50<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0priority 100<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0authentication {<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0auth_type PASS<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0auth_pass your_passwd<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0notify_master \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.sh root<\/span>\r\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
BACKUP<\/h3>\n
vrrp_instance floating_ip {\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0state BACKUP\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0interface ens4\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0unicast_src_ip 192.168.240.11\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0unicast_peer {\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0192.168.240.10\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0virtual_router_id 50\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0priority 50\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0authentication {\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0auth_type PASS\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0auth_pass your_passwd\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0notify_master \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.sh root\r\n}<\/pre>\n
No olvides reiniciar el servicio keepalived (sudo systemctl restart keepalived) cada vez que cambie el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n
Y ahora la parte que hace la ‘magia’: el script \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.sh<\/strong>. B\u00e1sicamente, este script desasigna los alias de IP del par que est\u00e1 inactivo y se los asigna a s\u00ed mismo. Despu\u00e9s de eso, el servicio haproxy se vuelve a cargar para permitir que el haproxy se una a las IP flotantes.<\/p>\n
MASTER<\/h3>\n
# Unassign peer's IP aliases. Try it until it's possible.\r\nuntil gcloud compute instances network-interfaces update haproxy-prod-backup --zone europe-west1-c --aliases \"\" > \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log 2>&1; do\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0echo \"Instance not accessible during takeover. Retrying in 5 seconds...\"\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sleep 5\r\ndone\r\n\r\n# Assign IP aliases to me because now I am the MASTER!\r\ngcloud compute instances network-interfaces update haproxy-prod \r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0--zone europe-west1-b \r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0--aliases \"192.168.240.140\/32;192.168.240.141\/32\" >> \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log 2>&1\r\nsystemctl restart haproxy\r\necho \"I became the MASTER at: $(date)\" >> \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
BACKUP<\/h3>\n
# Unassign peer's IP aliases. Try it until it's possible.\r\nuntil gcloud compute instances network-interfaces update haproxy-prod --zone europe-west1-b --aliases \"\" > \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log 2>&1; do\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0echo \"Instance not accessible during takeover. Retrying in 5 seconds...\"\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sleep 5\r\ndone\r\n\r\n# Assign IP aliases to me because now I am the MASTER!\r\ngcloud compute instances network-interfaces update haproxy-prod-backup \r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0--zone europe-west1-c \r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0--aliases \"192.168.240.140\/32;192.168.240.141\/32\" >> \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log 2>&1\r\nsystemctl restart haproxy\r\necho \"I became the MASTER at: $(date)\" >> \/etc\/keepalived\/takeover.log\r\n<\/pre>\n
De hecho, todo lo que hacemos es asignar \/ desasignar alias de IP dependiendo de qu\u00e9 VM sea el MAESTRO.<\/p>\n
F\u00e1cil, \u00bfno? \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n
\n
Espero que hayas disfrutado de este post y te animo a que revises nuestro blog para leer otrosposts<\/a> que puedan ser de tu inter\u00e9s, por ejemplo \u00abQu\u00e9 es el cloud?<\/a>\u00ab.<\/p>\n
Si tienes alguna duda, cont\u00e1ctanos<\/a> and Feel the Geko Way!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00ed, puedes pensar: \u00ab\u00bfQu\u00e9? Google Cloud tiene su propio servicio administrado de balanceador de carga. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 querr\u00eda configurar y administrar un load balancer HA dedicado?\u00ab. Recomendamos utilizar el servicio GCP Load Balancer siempre que puedas. Es un servicio muy confiable y no tienes que administrar tu propio load balancer en una configuraci\u00f3n de alta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[52,43],"yoast_head":"\nConfigurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3mo configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived. Conoce todos los pasos de la mano de expertos cloud.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00f3mo configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived. Conoce todos los pasos de la mano de expertos cloud.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Geko Cloud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-02T08:13:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-03T16:35:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/keepalived.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"751\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jose Luis S\u00e1nchez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@geko_cloud\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@geko_cloud\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jose Luis S\u00e1nchez\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/d06aff498ebfbc75b5010ebe92af41ed\"},\"headline\":\"C\u00f3mo configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-02T08:13:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-03T16:35:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\"},\"wordCount\":516,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/keepalived.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Google Cloud\",\"HAproxy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Labs\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/\",\"name\":\"Configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/es\/configurar-haproxy-googlecloud-keepalived\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/geko.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/keepalived.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-02T08:13:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-03T16:35:52+00:00\",\"description\":\"C\u00f3mo configurar un HAProxy de alta disponibilidad en Google Cloud con Keepalived. 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